Mayank Gupta, Juan He, Tu Nguyen, Franz Petzold, Dania Fonseca, Jacek B. Jasinski, and Mahendra K. Sunkara

Describes high performance catalysts designed using nanowire supports. Specifically, nickel clusters supported on Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires and γ-alumina found to be highly active for ultra-deep desulfurization and aromatic hydrogenation of diesel. The catalysts reduced sulfur from diesel, gasoline, and kerosene fuels containing sulfur approximately 200 ppm to less than 1 ppm with sustained activity over testing periods of 100–150 h. The feed contained some of the most difficult to remove sulfur compounds such as 4-methyldibenzothiophene (MDBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT).

Tu Quang Nguyen, Veerendra Atla, Venkat Kalyan Vendra, Arjun Kumar Thapa, Jacek Bogdan Jasinski, Thad Lawrence Druffel, and Mahendra K. Sunkara

This article describes our scalable method for synthesizing tin oxide nanowire powder using inexpensive raw materials of commercial tin oxide particles and an atmospheric microwave plasma reactor. The conversion of potassium stannate nanowires through an acid wash followed by a simple annealing step resulted in porous tin oxide nanowires.

Apolo Nambo, Juan He, Tu Quang Nguyen, Veerendra Atla, Thad Druffel, and Mahendra Sunkara

In this study, the Li₄SiO₄ nanowires (NWs) were synthesized and shown to be promising for CO₂ capture with ultrafast kinetics. Specifically, the nanowire powders exhibited an uptake of 0.35 g g^–1 of CO₂ at an ultrafast adsorption rate of 0.22 g g^–1 min^–1 at 650–700 °C. The time scales for CO₂ sorption using nanowires are approximately 3 min and two orders of magnitude faster compared with those obtained using lithium silicate with spherical morphologies and aggregates.

Franz G. Petzold, Jacek Jasinski, Ezra L. Clark, Jeong H. Kim, Jason Absher, Helge Toufar, and Mahendra K. Sunkara

A novel catalyst with deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) capabilities was developed and tested with the aim of producing ultra-low sulfur diesel oil. The catalyst consisted of a zinc oxide nanowire (ZnO NW)/alumina carrier impregnated with nickel (Ni) as the active phase.

Vivekanand Kumar, Jeong H. Kim, Chandrashekhar Pendyala, Boris Chernomordik, and Mahendra K. Sunkara

The gas-phase production of metal oxide nanowires (NWs) and nanoparticles (NPs) using direct oxidation of micron-size metal particles in a high-throughput, atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma jet reactor is developed and reported. The concept with production of SnO₂, ZnO, TiO₂, and Al₂O₃ NWs has been demonstrated.

Mahendra K. Sunkara, Mayank Gupta, Franz G. Petzold, Tu Nguyen, and Helge Toufar

We demonstrated the feasibility of nickel nanoparticles supported on zinc oxide nanowires to clean off difficult thiophenic compounds for prolonged time periods. Nickel catalyzes hydrogenation as well as the cleaving of cyclic sulfur compounds like thiophenes.

Praveen Meduri, Ezra Clark, Jeong H. Kim, Ethirajulu Dayalan, Gamini U. Sumanasekera, and Mahendra K. Sunkara

This study describes vertical nanowire arrays of MoO_3–x grown on metallic substrates with diameters of ∼90 nm that show high-capacity retention. Particularly, they exhibit a capacity retention of ∼500 mAh g^–1 in the voltage window of 0.7–0.1 V, much higher than the theoretical capacity of graphite. In addition, 10 nm Si-coated MoO_3–x nanowire arrays have shown a capacity retention of ∼780 mAh g^–1, indicating that hybrid materials are the next-generation materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Zhebo Chen, Dustin Cummins, Benjamin N. Reinecke, Ezra Clark, Mahendra K. Sunkara, and Thomas F. Jaramillo

We synthesized vertically oriented core–shell nanowires with substoichiometric MoO₃ cores of ∼20–50 nm and conformal MoS₂ shells of ∼2–5 nm. The core–shell architecture, produced by low-temperature sulfidization, is designed to utilize the best properties of each component material while mitigating their deficiencies.

Suresh Gubbala, Harry B. Russell, Hemant Shah, Biswapriya Deb, Jacek Jasinski, Heather Rypkema, and Mahendra K. Sunkara

The electron transport and surface properties of nanowires and nanoparticles are investigated to understand the reasons for the observed higher photovoltages with nanowire-based solar cells.

Praveen Meduri, Chandrashekhar Pendyala, Vivekanand Kumar, Gamini U. Sumanasekera, and Mahendra K. Sunkara

We present a simple and generic concept involving metal nanoclusters supported on metal oxide nanowires as stable and high-capacity anode materials for Li-ion batteries.

Vivekanand Kumar, Jeong H. Kim, Jacek B. Jasinski, Ezra L. Clark, and Mahendra K. Sunkara

We report a new ultrafast (reaction time on the scale of a minute) gas-phase method for synthesizing highly crystalline TiO₂ nanowires (NWs) using direct oxidation of either Ti metal (foils or powders) or spherical TiO₂ powders in an atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma reactor.

ADEM Technologies Inc. (Formerly Advanced Energy Materials, LLC.)

With funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF), ADEM Technologies Inc., a University of Louisville, KY-based startup, is commercializing nanowire-based catalysts and adsorbents. Researchers at the startup have developed two catalytic adsorbents — AdESorb and AdESulfur — for ultra-deep desulfurization of diesel. Ultra-deep desulfurization reduces the sulfur content in diesel to less than 15 ppm.